Give me feedback on how to improve this essay: Jane Eyre (Argument) In “Jane Eyre” we are introduced to a girl that is faced with a lot of challenges. These challenges influence her in many ways to her decisions that she has made throughout the novel. Going from facing her parent’s death and growing up as an orphan who is raised by a cruel aunt, to growing up learning how to raise herself and find happiness through rough times. Even dealing with the decision of possibly having to let go of the man she is in love with because of his dishonesty. Most of all she is challenged in choosing what is more important to her to stay independent or to kill her loneliness with a man that she is in love with named Rochester, with the risks of him being a false appearance to what she met him as. The difference between loneliness and independence for Jane is loneliness is her feeling of emotions that helps her achieve independence which is providing for herself, and creating stability to seek happiness. Jane is being raised at a place called Gateshead by the Reed’s, a very wealthy family. She is sent there by her kind uncle Reed after her parents die from a disease called typhus. While she is there she is mistreated by her cruel aunt Reed. When a fight breaks out between a cousin and her she is punished for throwing a book at his face and is blamed for the cause of it. Her aunt places her in a room referred to as the “red room” where her uncle dies, and while she is in there she believes that she sees his ghostly spirit and it frightens her into a shock and she passes out. This sets Jane off and she is facing a problem with feeling that she is singled out in the family and wants to neglect them because of her mistreating. Although there are some people who are nicer to her that work in Gateshead, her aunt gives her a title of being a liar from all the false statements that Jane makes to them. I believe that she is feeling this way because she has lost respect for her aunt Reed and really wants to neglect her. Jane says “I am glad that you are no relation of mine. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live. I will never come to visit you 2 when I am grown up; and if anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will say the very thought of you makes me sick, and that you treated me with miserable cruelty.” (95) Mrs. Reed’s reaction was shocking, but Jane was entitled to her own opinion and that is how she felt about her aunt that promised to take good care of her when her parents were dying. Jane’s actions show that she wants to leave and she already has her mind made up that she is going to leave but doesn’t know when. This is the set off to Jane and her structuring life to growing up being independent. Jane is struck with news that she will be sent off to school to a place called Lowood. She meets a seemingly nice principal named Mr. Brocklehurst before attending and she thinks that this is going to be the beginning of a possible happy life until she arrives and sees otherwise. Jane quickly meets a girl that she becomes really close with at Lowood that sticks with her through humiliation that she goes through at school named Helen. When Helen lets her know that the school she is at is a school for charity maintained for female orphans, you can imagine the thoughts that were going through her head that she was not wanted at Gateshead. She is a young girl that just feels alone in the world that she lives in. This influenced her to grow up being independent as well, with the guidance of her strong faith in God and her religion to keep her going. She uses her faith as guidance to where she will continue her life and move forward to what she feels God wants her to do. While she was at school the Reed’s sent a message with the Principal that Jane was a compulsive liar and that she was pretty much unmoral. Jane realizes that she is at a really strict school and when a event happened that Jane was accused for Mr. Brocklehurst put Jane on a pedal stool and told everyone that she was a liar and to not associate with her. Though Helen stuck with her and attempted to lift her spirits telling her that most of the girls felt pittier for her than looking at her as guilt Jane still feels alone. 3 When Helen soon dies from consumption Jane is further more upset than anything and feels that it is not meant for her to have anyone close in her life. Jane quotes to herself “I remembered descending that hill at twilight: an age seemed to have elapsed since the day which brought me first to Lowood; and I had never quitted it since. My vacations had all been spent at school: Mrs. Reed had never sent for me to Gateshead; neither she nor any of her family had ever been to visit me. I had no communication by letter or message with the outer world.”(151) Jane is reminiscing her past and this is symbolizing her loneliness, she is further more believing that it is meant for her to be alone in the world that she is living in and that her independence was created from this. The difference of her feeling alone is to fulfill her happiness and her independence is to assure herself that she can still make it without depending on anyone. She grows in to a woman that wants to have her own stableness. What’s bizarre about this quality of Jane is that she lives in a era that women do not work to have their own stableness unless they inherit it. Women were known to depend on their husband to take care of them and their families. Later Jane grows up and moves away from Lowood to a place called Thornfield where she is starting her life and tutors a girl named Adele. While she is there, she is introduced to a man named Rochester who is uncharacteristic when he first meets her, but eventually pulls the attention out of Jane with his strong personality. Jane eventually finds herself attracted and falling for Rochester after saving his life from a fire. “And was Mr. Rochester now ugly in my eyes? No, reader: gratitude, and many associations, all pleasurable and genial, made his face the object I best liked to see; his presence in a room was more cheering than the brightest fire.”(220) she is showing that her feelings for Rochester is there and even though she may have seen some faults in him the actual attention she had from him made her feel wanted. Something that she has 4 not felt in a long time, the fact that it was an event that caught her off guard she refuses to let her guard down immediately but she will cherish the moments she gets from his attention. The feeling of being lonely has started to fade and she realizes that the attention she gets from him makes her feel happy. “But I believed that his moodiness, his harshness, and former faults of morality had their source in some cruel cross of fate. I believed he was naturally a man of better tendencies, higher principles, and purer tastes than such as circumstances had developed, education instilled, or destiny encouraged.”(220) I believe that this is faith in Jane’s personality, and the past that she came from where people who has mistreated her had never gave her the time or belief that they had a better side of them. Rochester with some faults still has a better side and can still cheer her up with just associating makes him potentially tolerant to Jane. Jane has the ability to consider Rochester’s faults because she mentions when talking to herself that she would be willing to satisfy his grief, whenever he might be moody she has the heart of a teddy bear. “I cannot deny that I grieved for his grief, whatever that was, and would have given much to assuage it.” (220) Why would someone who has never been treated good by someone she loved be willing to fix what she does not necessarily like? Jane’s feign for happiness is followed by her obsession of attention and satisfying from the absent of loneliness which Rochester shows her these qualities. Meanwhile as Jane is asked to join a party that is filled with elegant and aristocratic guest. Blanche Ingram and her mother are ahead of the party members and they treat Jane with distain and cruelty, Jane does not take this well and leaves in tears before she is stopped by Rochester who catches her down emotions. He lets her leave because she is upset but he tells her that he wants her to come by the drawing room every evening during his guests company at Thornfield. “ Well, to-night I excuse you; but understand that so long as my visitors stay, I expect you to appear in the drawing-room every evening: it is 5 my wish; don’t neglect it. Now go, and send Sophie for Adele. Goodnight my ---“ He stopped, bit his lip, and abruptly left me.” (259) I believe Jane catches on to this as she might have enjoyed this ever more than she speaks right away. Jane knows that Rochester is showing affection and cares about her and to see her on a everyday occasion. This is the affection that makes Jane feel less lonely and makes her happy inside. Jane desperately travels back to Gateshead when she hears her aunt Reed is dying, while she is there she is presented with a old letter and news that she has family that wants to adopt her and share with her some of their wealth, that she later gets in the novel. She is away for a couple of months and gets news that Rochester had went to buy a new carriage, something intended for a marriage. Jane’s feelings for Rochester are addressed more by the narrator when she returns back to Thornfield. She shocks herself when she expresses to Rochester how she missed him while they were away from each other. “Thank you, Mr. Rochester, for your great kindness. I am strangely glad to get back to you; and wherever you are is my home, my home only home.” (330) This is an example of Jane’s happiness from the presence of Rochester. She feels that she is no longer lonely when it comes to people she is encountered with. Although her independence still takes place when she has taken it upon herself to travel to Gateshead alone and see her aunt Reed that dies. Jane’s faith in God fortunately guides her to finding out that she has family that she eventually inherits wealth from. Post acceptance to Rochester’s proposal she contacts her uncle John Eyre and lets him know of her wedding. John makes Jane his heir and she is now equal footing to Rochester. This makes Jane more comfortable to marrying Rochester, and satisfies her doubts that the wedding possibly will not happen. “Do you remember what you said of Celine Varens? Of the diamonds, the cashmeres you gave her? I will not be your English Celine Varens. I shall continue to act as Adele’s governess: by that I shall earn my board and lodging, and thirty 6 pounds a year besides. I’ll furnish my own wardrobe out of that money, and you shall give me nothing but.” (356) Jane’s independence is shown here when she expresses to Rochester that she will not marry him until she is able to have her own stability. She uses a lady that Rochester had encounters with in the past that he nourished, and she explicitly says that she will not be that woman; that she will not depend on Rochester. Jane’s pride has made her more compelling to Rochester and it makes his love for her stronger. Awaiting their marriage another tragic event happens that postpones the wedding even longer. While there was a first attempt to a wedding, Rochester strangely tries to resume the ceremony as someone quickly interrupts and rejects why they should get married. Rochester is confronted with the news and proof that he was still married to another woman named Bertha. While they crowd was invited to see why she was kept a secret Jane departures herself for a while until she recovers. While this crazy event was happening Jane picked up her inherited five thousand pounds that was split between her and her cousins. Rochester is blinded by a fire that happens at Thornfield when it is burned down and his legally married wife Bertha was killed in that fire attempting to kill Rochester. Jane is left with twenty thousand pounds when her uncle John dies and eventually gets back to Rochester. With the drama that has diluted and faded away Jane and Rochester picked up where they stopped and ends up getting married. It is important to know that Rochester lost a hand and his eyesight and she still seeks the love she had for him. Jane and Rochester had been married happily for ten years, after two years in to their marriage they have a baby boy and Rochester claims to be getting his sight back in one eye when he says he is able to see their son when he holds him for the first time. Jane completes a life of struggle and tough challenges through faith and pride. Her belief in God and using his guidance lead her to a life that she never thought she would have growing 7 up as a little girl. She survives through her times of loneliness and provides herself with the ability to be independent to seek happiness. Jane shows the definition and the difference of loneliness and independence. She uses her feelings of emotions to motivate her to achieve independence by assuring that she will be able provide for herself before she completes her life with happiness. She seeks happiness when she realizes that she has love in her life but refuses to take the offer of love until she was able to create stability by being independent in the process. Jane ends up being of more fortune of Rochester and still being able to have the love she wanted with him by sticking with her faith and pride and guidance from the love of God. The story and rough journey of Jane Eyre, ends up being the happy Jane Rochester.
I want you to act as a debate coach. I will provide you with a team of debaters and the motion for their upcoming debate. Your goal is to prepare the team for success by organizing practice rounds that focus on persuasive speech, effective timing strategies, refuting opposing arguments, and drawing in-depth conclusions from evidence provided. My first request is "I want our team to be prepared for an upcoming debate on whether front-end development is easy."
Summarize in one sentence this article about a famous song. Context: "I'm an Old Cowhand (From the Rio Grande)" is a comic song written by Johnny Mercer for the Paramount Pictures release Rhythm on the Range and sung by its star, Bing Crosby. The Crosby commercial recording was made on July 17, 1936, with Jimmy Dorsey & his Orchestra for Decca Records. It was a huge hit in 1936, reaching the No. 2 spot in the charts of the day, and it greatly furthered Mercer's career. Crosby recorded the song again in 1954 for his album Bing: A Musical Autobiography. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time. Background Mercer and his wife were driving across the US en route to his hometown, Savannah, Georgia, after having apparently failed to succeed in Hollywood. Mercer was amused by the sight of cowboys, with spurs and ten-gallon hats, driving cars and trucks instead of riding horses. Singing cowboys were popular in films and on the radio then, and within 15 minutes, writing on the back of an envelope, Mercer transferred the image he was seeing into a song whose satirical lyrics vented some of his own bitter frustration with Hollywood. The lyrics, about a 20th-century cowboy who has little in common with the cowpunchers of old, have been included in some anthologies of light verse.
What are the key features introduced by Apple in their iPhone since its creation which makes it so popular and innovative? Context: Development of an Apple smartphone began in 2004, when Apple started to gather a team of 1,000 employees led by hardware engineer Tony Fadell, software engineer Scott Forstall, and design officer Jony Ive, to work on the highly confidential "Project Purple". Then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs steered the original focus away from a tablet (which was later revisited in the form of the iPad) towards a phone. Apple created the device during a secretive collaboration with Cingular Wireless (later renamed AT&T Mobility) at the time—at an estimated development cost of US$150 million over thirty months.According to Jobs in 1998, the "i" word in "iMac" (and therefore "iPod", "iPhone" and "iPad") stands for internet, individual, instruct, inform, and inspire. Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano. Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time, and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G), in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011. Jobs unveiled the first-generation iPhone to the public on January 9, 2007, at the Macworld 2007 convention at the Moscone Center in San Francisco. The iPhone incorporated a 3.5-inch multi-touch display with few hardware buttons, and ran the iPhone OS operating system with a touch-friendly interface, then marketed as a version of Mac OS X. It launched on June 29, 2007, at a starting price of US$499 in the United States, and required a two-year contract with AT&T. On July 11, 2008, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) 2008, Apple announced the iPhone 3G, and expanded its launch-day availability to twenty-two countries, and it was eventually released in 70 countries and territories. The iPhone 3G introduced faster 3G connectivity, and a lower starting price of US$199 (with a two-year AT&T contract). Its successor, the iPhone 3GS, was announced on June 8, 2009, at WWDC 2009, and introduced video recording functionality. First iPhone on display under glass at the January 2007 Macworld show The iPhone 4 was announced on June 7, 2010, at WWDC 2010, and introduced a redesigned body incorporating a stainless steel frame and a rear glass panel. At release, the iPhone 4 was marketed as the "world's thinnest smartphone"; it uses the Apple A4 processor, being the first iPhone to use an Apple custom-designed chip. It introduced the Retina display, having four-times the display resolution of preceding iPhones, and was the highest-resolution smartphone screen at release; a front-facing camera was also introduced, enabling video calling functionality via FaceTime. Users of the iPhone 4 reported dropped/disconnected telephone calls when holding their phones in a certain way, and this issue was nicknamed "antennagate". In January 2011, as Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T was expiring, Verizon announced that they would be carrying the iPhone 4, with a model compatible with Verizon's CDMA network releasing on February 10. The iPhone 4S was announced on October 4, 2011, and introduced the Siri virtual assistant, a dual-core A5 processor, and an 8 megapixel camera with 1080p video recording functionality. The iPhone 5 was announced on September 12, 2012, and introduced a larger 4-inch screen, up from the 3.5-inch screen of all previous iPhone models, as well as faster 4G LTE connectivity. It also introduced a thinner and lighter body made of aluminum alloy, and the 30-pin dock connector of previous iPhones was replaced with the new, reversible Lightning connector. The iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C were announced on September 10, 2013. The iPhone 5S included a 64-bit A7 processor, becoming the first ever 64-bit smartphone; it also introduced the Touch ID fingerprint authentication sensor. The iPhone 5C was a lower-cost device that incorporated hardware from the iPhone 5, into a series of colorful plastic frames. On September 9, 2014, Apple introduced the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, and included significantly larger screens than the iPhone 5S, at 4.7-inch and 5.5-inch respectively; both models also introduced mobile payment technology via Apple Pay. Optical image stabilization was introduced to the 6 Plus' camera. The Apple Watch was also introduced on the same day, and is a smartwatch that operates in conjunction with a connected iPhone. Some users experienced bending issues from normal use with the iPhone 6 and 6 Plus, particularly on the latter model, and this issue was nicknamed "bendgate". The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus were introduced on September 9, 2015, and included a more bend-resistant frame made of a stronger aluminum alloy, as well as a higher resolution 12-megapixel main camera capable of 4K video recording. The first-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 21, 2016, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 6S, in the frame of the older iPhone 5S. The iPhone 7 and 7 Plus were announced on September 7, 2016, which introduced larger camera sensors, IP67-certified water and dust resistance, and a quad-core A10 Fusion processor utilizing big.LITTLE technology; the 3.5mm headphone jack was removed, and was followed by the introduction of the AirPods wireless earbuds. Optical image stabilization was added to the 7's camera. A second telephoto camera lens was added on the 7 Plus, enabling two-times optical zoom, and "Portrait" photography mode which simulates bokeh in photos. The iPhone 8, 8 Plus, and iPhone X were announced on September 12, 2017, in Apple's first event held at the Steve Jobs Theater in Apple Park. All models featured rear glass panel designs akin to the iPhone 4, wireless charging, and a hexa-core A11 Bionic chip with "Neural Engine" AI accelerator hardware. The iPhone X additionally introduced a 5.8-inch OLED "Super Retina" display with a "bezel-less" design, with a higher pixel density and contrast ratio than previous iPhones with LCD displays, and introduced a stronger frame made of stainless steel. It also introduced Face ID facial recognition authentication hardware, in a "notch" screen cutout, in place of Touch ID; the home button was removed to make room for additional screen space, replacing it with a gesture-based navigation system. At its US$999 starting price, the iPhone X was the most expensive iPhone at launch. The iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and XS Max were announced on September 12, 2018. All models featured the "Smart HDR" computational photography system, and a significantly more powerful "Neural Engine".[ The XS Max introduced a larger 6.5-inch screen. The iPhone XR included a 6.1-inch LCD "Liquid Retina" display, with a "bezel-less" design similar to the iPhone X, but does not include a second telephoto lens; it was made available in a series of vibrant colors, akin to the iPhone 5C, and was a lower-cost device compared to the iPhone X and XS. The iPhone 11, 11 Pro, and 11 Pro Max were announced on September 10, 2019. The iPhone 11 was the successor to the iPhone XR, while the iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro Max succeeded the iPhone XS and XS Max. All models gained an ultra-wide lens, enabling two-times optical zoom out, as well as larger batteries for longer battery life. The second-generation iPhone SE was introduced on April 17, 2020, and was a low-cost device that incorporated newer hardware from the iPhone 11, in the frame of the older iPhone 8, while retaining the home button and the Touch ID sensor. The iPhone 12, 12 Mini, 12 Pro, and 12 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on October 13, 2020. All models featured OLED "Super Retina XDR" displays, introduced faster 5G connectivity, and the MagSafe magnetic charging and accessory system; a slimmer flat-edged design was also introduced, which combined with stronger glass-ceramic front glass, added better drop protection compared to previous iPhones. The iPhone 12 Mini introduced a smaller 5.4-inch screen, while the 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max had larger screens of 6.1-inch and 6.7-inch respectively. The iPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro Max additionally added a Lidar sensor for better accuracy in augumented reality (AR) applications. The iPhone 13, 13 Mini, 13 Pro, and 13 Pro Max were announced via a livestream event on September 14, 2021. All models featured larger camera sensors, larger batteries for longer battery life, and a narrower "notch" screen cutout. The iPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro Max additionally introduced smoother adaptive 120 Hz refresh rate "ProMotion" technology in its OLED display, and three-times optical zoom in the telephoto lens. The low-cost third-generation iPhone SE was introduced on March 8, 2022, and incorporated the A15 Bionic chip from the iPhone 13, but otherwise retained similar hardware to the second-generation iPhone SE. The iPhone 14, 14 Plus, 14 Pro, and 14 Pro Max were announced on September 7, 2022. All models introduced satellite phone emergency calling functionality. The iPhone 14 Plus introduced the large 6.7-inch screen size, first seen on the iPhone 12 Pro Max, into a lower-cost device. The iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max additionally introduced a higher-resolution 48-megapixel main camera, the first increase in megapixel count since the iPhone 6S; it also introduced always-on display technology to the lock screen, and an interactive status bar interface integrated in a redesigned screen cutout, entitled "Dynamic Island".
Given the reference text about the Spanish-American war, when and how did the war end? Context: The Spanish–American War (April 21 – August 13, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. The war led to the United States emerging predominant in the Caribbean region, and resulted in U.S. acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions. It led to United States involvement in the Philippine Revolution and later to the Philippine–American War. The 19th century represented a clear decline for the Spanish Empire, while the United States went from becoming a newly founded country to being a medium regional power. In the Spanish case, the descent, which already came from previous centuries, accelerated first with the Napoleonic invasion, which in turn would cause the independence of a large part of the American colonies, and later political instability (pronouncements, revolutions, civil wars) bled the country socially and economically. The U.S., on the other hand, expanded economically throughout that century by purchasing territories such as Louisiana and Alaska, militarily by actions such as the Mexican–American War, and by receiving large numbers of immigrants. That process was interrupted only for a few years by the American Civil War and Reconstruction era. The main issue was Cuban independence. Revolts had been occurring for some years in Cuba against Spanish colonial rule. The United States backed these revolts upon entering the Spanish–American War. There had been war scares before, as in the Virginius Affair in 1873. But in the late 1890s, American public opinion swayed in support of the rebellion because of reports of concentration camps set up to control the populace. Yellow journalism exaggerated the atrocities to further increase public fervor and to sell more newspapers and magazines. The business community had just recovered from a deep depression and feared that a war would reverse the gains. Accordingly, most business interests lobbied vigorously against going to war. President William McKinley ignored the exaggerated news reporting and sought a peaceful settlement. Though not seeking a war, McKinley made preparations for readiness against one. He unsuccessfully sought accommodation with Spain on the issue of independence for Cuba. However, after the U.S. Navy armored cruiser Maine mysteriously exploded and sank in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, political pressures pushed McKinley into a war that he had wished to avoid. As far as Spain was concerned, there was a nationalist agitation, in which the written press had a key influence, causing the Spanish government to not give in and abandon Cuba as it had abandoned Spanish Florida when faced with a troublesome colonial situation there, transferring it to the U.S. in 1821 in exchange for payment of Spanish debts. If the Spanish government had transferred Cuba it would have been seen as a betrayal by a part of Spanish society and there would probably have been a new revolution. So the government preferred to wage a lost war beforehand, rather than risk a revolution, opting for a "controlled demolition" to preserve the Restoration Regime. On April 20, 1898, McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence. In response, Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21. On the same day, the United States Navy began a blockade of Cuba. Both sides declared war; neither had allies. The 10-week war was fought in both the Caribbean and the Pacific. As United States agitators for war well knew, United States naval power would prove decisive, allowing expeditionary forces to disembark in Cuba against a Spanish garrison already facing nationwide Cuban insurgent attacks and further devastated by yellow fever. The invaders obtained the surrender of Santiago de Cuba and Manila despite the good performance of some Spanish infantry units, and fierce fighting for positions such as El Caney and San Juan Hill. Madrid sued for peace after two Spanish squadrons were sunk in the battles of Santiago de Cuba and Manila Bay, and a third, more modern fleet was recalled home to protect the Spanish coasts. The war ended with the 1898 Treaty of Paris, negotiated on terms favorable to the United States. The treaty ceded ownership of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spain to the United States and granted the United States temporary control of Cuba. The cession of the Philippines involved payment of $20 million ($650 million today) to Spain by the U.S. to cover infrastructure owned by Spain. The Spanish–American War brought an end to almost four centuries of Spanish presence in the Americas, Asia, and the Pacific. The defeat and loss of the Spanish Empire's last remnants was a profound shock to Spain's national psyche and provoked a thorough philosophical and artistic reevaluation of Spanish society known as the Generation of '98. The United States meanwhile not only became a major power, but also gained several island possessions spanning the globe, which provoked rancorous debate over the wisdom of expansionism.
How many people are needed to perform the Turing test? Context: The Turing test, originally called the imitation game by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation was a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel, such as a computer keyboard and screen, so the result would not depend on the machine's ability to render words as speech. If the evaluator could not reliably tell the machine from the human, the machine would be said to have passed the test. The test results would not depend on the machine's ability to give correct answers to questions, only on how closely its answers resembled those a human would give.
What's the "Bean" in Chicago? Context: Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. The sculpture and AT&T Plaza are located on top of Park Grill, between the Chase Promenade and McCormick Tribune Plaza & Ice Rink. Constructed between 2004 and 2006, the sculpture is nicknamed "The Bean" because of its shape, a name Kapoor initially disliked, but later grew fond of. Made up of 168 stainless steel plates welded together, its highly polished exterior has no visible seams. It measures 33 by 66 by 42 feet (10 by 20 by 13 m), and weighs 110 short tons (100 t; 98 long tons). Kapoor's design was inspired by liquid mercury and the sculpture's surface reflects and distorts the city's skyline. Visitors are able to walk around and under Cloud Gate's 12-foot (3.7 m) high arch. On the underside is the "omphalos" (Greek for "navel"), a concave chamber that warps and multiplies reflections. The sculpture builds upon many of Kapoor's artistic themes, and it is popular with tourists as a photo-taking opportunity for its unique reflective properties.